The Existence Of God Has Been Questioned Since The Beginning Of Time.

The existence of God has been questioned since the beginning of time. Religions thrived on answering the unanswerable questions of the universe and people were able to find solace in the answers. As science has expanded and been able to answer these questions with natural, as opposed to supernatural answers, many people stopped looking to God and religion for the causes of things and started looking towards science. God was dead, according to many scientists and people of all professions. Many philosophers, however, have different conclusions. In the article, "Science Finds God" (Newsweek 1998) it was recognized that although theologians and scientists differ sharply in their views and do not see any type of middle ground between the two fields, others feel that religion and science do not contradict each other, but compliment each other. Science discovers more of God's creations and the intricacy of which the world was created and God provides the explanation of the complexity and w onder of the natural world. He fills in where science leaves off. With Darwin's idea of evolution came the greatest controversy between science and religion. Darwin denied the creationist ideas of Christians and caused, an uproar in the Christian community. Some drastically decided to deny all science. To deny science, however, would be to deny the natural world. Others searched for ways to confirm and hold on to their faith. One way that people found to confirm their belief in a God was philosophy. St. Thomas Aquinas used the science of philosophy to prove God's existence. He showed five ways in which the existence of God must be absolutely concluded. His first proof dealt with the mover and the unmoved mover. From just one observation of movement it can be concluded that movement is. Whatever is moved must be moved by another, because nothing can have potential and actual energy at the same time. To actually move a thing must be moved by another thing that is actually in motion. T herefore that thing must have been moved by another. However this cannot go on infinitely. There must be something that is the first unmoved mover that causes all movement. This being, in a state of pure actuality, is what people call God. An example of this is a stone is moved by a stick. The stick is moved by a hand. The stick moved from a state of potential movement to actual movement by the hand. In order to move the stick the hand must move from potential to actual by something else. What moves the hand must be also be moved by another because nothing can be moving both potentially and actually at the same time. Whatever was the original cause of all movement must be pure actual movement. This being is the unmoved first mover, God. Aquinas's fifth proof relates more directly to "Science Finds God." This article states that the complexity of the natural world is more evidence that God must exist. Thomas says that there is some pure act of intelligence that causes all other acts of intelligence. As an archer shoots an arrow towards its target, God aims everything to its ultimate end. Everything is ordered towards an end and that end is determined by a being we call God. Using empirical sciences, it is evident that everything has its purpose and functions for the good of something else. This purpose is determined by God. Another philosopher whose teachings seem to correspond directly with the article is Paley. He presents this situation. If a man finds a stone and wonders how it got there, it would not be that unreasonable to conclude that it had been there forever. However, if a man stumbles upon a watch in a field, he could not reasonably reach the same conclusion. "Because a watch performs such a specific function and has a clear purpose, which is grasped by the human mind, Paley concludes that ?the inference...is inevitable; that the watch must have a maker.'" (Stumpf 381) Every part of the watch is designed towards the specific function of telling time. It would seem absurd to think that all of the pieces in the watch just happened to come together in that

Free Essays on Teen Suicide

According to Dr. Phil Devons a psychiatrist affiliated with the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, suicide among young people nationwide has increased dramatically in recent years. Each year in the United States, thousands of teenagers commit suicide. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15 to 24 year olds, and the sixth leading cause of death for 5 to 14 year olds. I have worked as a counselor for fourteen years, two years on the high school level, two years on the middle school level, and ten years on the elementary level. In all my years of servicing youth and teenagers, I have come to realize that not only adults, but teenagers experience strong feelings of stress, confusion, self-doubt, pressure to succeed, financial uncertainly, and other fears while growing up. For some teenagers, divorce, the formation of a new family with step-parents and step-siblings, or moving to a new community can be very unsettling and can intensify self-doubt. For some teens, suicide may appear to be a solution to their problems and stress. In working with troubled teens, I have learned that depression and suicidal feelings are treatable mental disorders. This treatment is possible if the symptoms are recognized, diagnosed, and the appropriate plans are put in place to begin the treatment. It is necessary that a psychiatric examination be done if a parent is in doubt and she notices drastic mood changes and serious problems. The students I have worked with came from several social backgrounds. Some students had two parent households and financially stable. Some students had one parent households, female or male, some students were being raised by their grandparents, some by uncles or aunts, some by siblings and some by foster parents. In all of these families, no matter what the make up or support system was, there was a failure in the process of the child’s development. Each child I had the privilege to... Free Essays on Teen Suicide Free Essays on Teen Suicide According to Dr. Phil Devons a psychiatrist affiliated with the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, suicide among young people nationwide has increased dramatically in recent years. Each year in the United States, thousands of teenagers commit suicide. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15 to 24 year olds, and the sixth leading cause of death for 5 to 14 year olds. I have worked as a counselor for fourteen years, two years on the high school level, two years on the middle school level, and ten years on the elementary level. In all my years of servicing youth and teenagers, I have come to realize that not only adults, but teenagers experience strong feelings of stress, confusion, self-doubt, pressure to succeed, financial uncertainly, and other fears while growing up. For some teenagers, divorce, the formation of a new family with step-parents and step-siblings, or moving to a new community can be very unsettling and can intensify self-doubt. For some teens, suicide may appear to be a solution to their problems and stress. In working with troubled teens, I have learned that depression and suicidal feelings are treatable mental disorders. This treatment is possible if the symptoms are recognized, diagnosed, and the appropriate plans are put in place to begin the treatment. It is necessary that a psychiatric examination be done if a parent is in doubt and she notices drastic mood changes and serious problems. The students I have worked with came from several social backgrounds. Some students had two parent households and financially stable. Some students had one parent households, female or male, some students were being raised by their grandparents, some by uncles or aunts, some by siblings and some by foster parents. In all of these families, no matter what the make up or support system was, there was a failure in the process of the child’s development. Each child I had the privilege to... Free Essays on Teen Suicide Some people think the only way out is to end their life. They aren’t realizing how badly they will be missed. It can be started by just cutting but that is not enough soon, they just want to end all of the hurt, pain, and anything else in their life. There have been more teens committing suicide than that anybody being killed by AIDS, smoking, drunk drivers, crashes put together. That is pretty bad that teens were brought into this world and they do not even value or care about their lives. Suicidal people, like all of us need love, understanding and care, you can not just say, â€Å"Well if your thinking about suicide or going to do it, then, I am not going to get in the middle of it or even be around you anymore.† Then they are more likely to do it when no one will talk to them or be friends with them. People usually do not ask â€Å"others if they are considering suicide† directly to their faces, but, they may behind their back. Isolating suicidal people increases the isolation they feel and they likelihood that they may attempt suicide. Asking if they are feeling suicidal has the effect of giving them permission to feel the way they do, which reduces their isolation. If they are feeling suicidal, they may see that someone else is beginning to understand how they feel. Do not try to â€Å"rescue† them or take their responsibilities onto yourself, or be a hero and try to handle the situation on your own. You can be the most help by referring them to someone equipped to offer them the help they need, while you continue to support them and remember that what happens is ultimately their responsibility. Get yourself some support too, as you try to get support for them. Do not try to save the world on your own shoulders because then chances are you might start to feel the same way they do and not realize it. If you are wondering, no you are not at risk. Having thought beforehand of several people to approach would hel... Free Essays on Teen Suicide Teenage Suicide Our future depends on our young generations. When the world looses such smart, innocent and pure souls, it is always a tragedy. Suicide is defined as â€Å"the act of intentionally taking one’s own life† (Hayward and Sparkes, 1984). It is almost impossible to explain an action such as suicide, but the research shows that the psychological answer mostly lies in the person’s mind. Teenagers often have difficulties going through the phase of developing and maturity during which they might experience stresses, depression; therefore, mental problems. These factors might lead some teenagers to commit suicide. The most important questions in these cases would be: What kind of influence can the society bring to teenagers’ inner world to make them feel suicidal and what can the society do to prevent it? What are the links from depression to suicide? How can the factors of non seriously taken treatment and/or a mental illness lead to suicide? The biggest influences on a child’s brain are the parents and friends. Teenagers require a lot of attention, care and support. It is always difficult to grow up in the house with divorced parents. According to one study â€Å"90% of suicidal teenagers believed that their families did not understand them†. It is also known that â€Å"women, who were physically or emotionally abused as children were most likely to have mental problems, suffer from depression and to have attempted suicide†. (American Psychiatric Association) Another fact is the relationship with people of the same age whether in or outside of school. Out of all the people, friends can help the most in the situations of suicide. It is necessary to talk to the person and not to be afraid to say the word †suicide†. By being open with a friend it is easier to show care ness, love and support. As for the suicidal teenager it’s important to feel that no matter how terrible the situatio n is, somebody will be always there... Free Essays on Teen Suicide Teen Suicide Suicide is the third leading cause of death among teens overall (2). Kids, no matter color, size, or shape may become a victim of suicide. Today in our society, teens are not getting the help that they need before they consider the thought of suicide. To help you realize how important this issue is, think about this, for every two homicides in the U.S. there are three suicides (2). In high school a kid can look or act like nothing is bothering him but nobody can really tell what he or she is thinking. Maybe they’re sick of their lives, or nothing good is ever happening to them and that is when a kid can become a danger to himself or herself. Kids will not think about getting help from a teacher or counselor because they don’t know how to talk about it or their afraid of the outcomes. A kid should not have to commit suicide to show that his or her lives are not going right. In one recent survey of high school students, 60% said they had thought about killing themselves for a numerous reasons, and almost 9% said they have tried at least once (1). Yes, 60% said they only thought about it, but what keeps it only a thought and not reality? So what causes a teen to commit suicide? On major thing that could push them to the edge are family problems. The divorce rate today is roughly around 50% and it is hitting kids harder and harder. Each child will take their parents divorce a different way. Some may just be sad but gone on with their life, others will take it so hard they feel they have no ambition to live anymore. Maybe it isn’t divorce in the family, maybe its lack of love from the parents. A kid can build emptiness in them when their parents don’t make time for them or aren’t involved in their children’s lives. All of that emptiness can grow into a reason for suicide. Another important reason is the pressures of high school. Some kids can receive so much pressure to get good grades, be a ...

Marie Antoinette Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marie Antoinette - Research Proposal Example The end result was that the "Widow Capet", as the ex-queen was called following the passing away of her husband, went into deep grief; she declined to eat or perform any exercise (Dwyer 2000, 182). Marie Antoinette was lastly tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal on October 14th, 1793. Unlike Louis, who had been offered some time to organise a defence, Antoinette was granted only one day (Hibbert 2004, 56). Among the things that she was indicted of (a majority, if not all, of the indictments were false and almost certainly lifted from rumours started by libelles) were planned orgies in Versailles, planning to murder the Duke of Orlà ©ans, transferring millions of livres of treasury funds to Austria, sexual escapades with her own son, announcing her son to be the fresh ruler of France, and planning the mass killing of the Swiss Guards, in 1792 (Parker and Schoenwald 1983, 448). The most famous accusation was that Antoinette sexually abused her own son (Parker 1990, 140). This was said by Louis Charles, who, during his schooling by Hà ©bert, accused his mother. Dwyer, Philip. 2000. â€Å"Napoleon Bonaparte and the Search for a Sense of Self: Clues to Behavioural Patterns in His Early Writings, 1785-1795.† Consortium on Revolutionary Europe 1750-1850: Selected Papers, pp.

Organizational Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational Theories - Essay Example Resource dependence theory is based on the fact that organizations inevitably depend on resources and their mobility and as result in turn depend on suppliers of those resources (Pfeffer & Salancik, 2003). On the other hand institutional theory is based on the argument that organizations aren't particularly concerned about task expediencies but about expediencies that arise from the strategic cultural environment of the organization, along with meeting demands put forward by lending and professional institutions. Finally the population ecology theory emphasizes the ways and means through which organizations' structures and forms are influenced (Hannan & Freeman,1989). For example changing nature of the organization has less influence on such structures than the birth and death of organizations. In the ordinary sense of the word 'power' enables those who exercise it to dominate over those who don't have it. This explanation seems to be rather simplistic though still the conventional organizational theories have a much wider acceptance in modern management theories. Power is a dynamic concept with a degree of fluidity and much less transparency. In other words the concept of power acquires a newer and more articulate dimension in the modern unconventional organizational theory than hitherto was known. The concept of power has many nuances including that it's associated with responsibility. Thus organizational power can be extended to include corporate responsibility as well.Resource dependence theory invariably supports these power dynamics in its articulation of a strategic supplier dominated organizational environment. However it must be noted here that modern writers on unconventional organizational theory tend to speculate on politicized organizational environments in or der to give a revolutionary interpretation to the evolving structures and cultures. Power is rooted in the organization's dependence on resource providers who might not hesitate to manipulate the organizational outcomes by imposing their weight on its structures and forms. Thus power as a concept in the modern sense of the organizational context is a barometer of organizational strengths. In other words organizational power isn't a simple aggregation of 'individual powers' as such. It has a much wider significance and impact on the organizational outcomes.The theoretical premise of power is derived from the fact that suppliers of resources have a strategic link with the organization. Therefore it is the suppliers who exercise political control over the organization (Ulrich & Barney, 1986). The authors identify and address the implications of anti-management theories within the organizational context so that a particularly significant hidden feature of the organization is brought to the surface. Notwithstanding the counter argument that organizations do not seek intentionally to politicize their operational environments, the resource dependence theory focuses on the link between power of resource suppliers and the conformist behavior

Importance of Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Importance of Theory - Essay Example Some nursing theories are broad while others are narrow. What is the difference between broad and narrow theories? The difference is that for narrow theories, they have a narrow range, are more real and practical. While for broad theories, they are termed as grand theories. Based on narrow theories, there is the middle – range theory. The middle range theory may be used to refer to narrow theories in particular (Davies, 2005). This paper specifically looks at the transition theory. Section one of this paper has an evaluation of the importance of nursing theory, broadly to nursing practice. Section two summarizes the main concepts and relationships of the chosen nursing theory. The third section avails a discussion of how the chosen nursing theory views nursing leadership, nursing education, nursing informatics or health policy along with 2 real life examples. The final section is the conclusion, whereby the ideas and comprehensions on nursing theory learned from writing this p aper are shared. Nursing theories are vital in nursing practice for various reasons that are not limited to those stated in this paper. As noted earlier, nursing theories avail a structure for critical thinking through which situations encountered in the nursing practice are evaluated. Each day in the nursing practice comes with new experiences. As these new experiences are met, nursing theories provide the structures for preparation, examination, and making decisions. Decision making is one of the most important aspects of nursing practice. A nurse must be accountable for every decision that he or she makes during practice. Nursing theories avail the framework for communication. Communication is key in nursing practice as it enables passing of vital information. Nursing theories facilitate communication among nurses and with other health professionals through the framework. Nursing as a discipline is faced by numerous beliefs, aims, and values. What nursing theories do is

A marketing analysis of Haleeb Foods

A marketing analysis of Haleeb Foods Haleeb Foods was established in 1986 and its first product was Haleeb milk. Since then, it has continued to provide quality products to its consumers with product and packaging innovations. Haleeb Foods is Pakistans number 1 and fastest growing packaged Food Company. In 2006, its annual turnover was Rs.9 Billion. Haleeb Foods has built an excellent reputation over the years. Haleeb Foods continues to be at the forefront of product and packaging innovation. By the grace of God, it has achieved market leadership in several food categories with a very strong portfolio consisting of leading national and international brands , Candia, Dairy Queen, Tea Max, , Tropico and Good Day. Apart from its extensive nationwide distribution networks, Haleeb Foods is also serving several export markets including South Korea, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and the Central Asian states and now going to introduce flavoured milk in united kingdom. 2-Vision Statement: Most Innovative and fastest growing food company offering flavoured milk product enjoyed in United Kingdom every home every day 2.1-Mission Statement: Our mission is to be the consumers first choice for products of outstanding quality and great service at a competitive cost through working faster, simpler and together. Build Branded food business to improve quality of life by offering tasty affordable and highly nutritional products to our consumers while maximizing stake holders value 3-Market Analysis Marketing analyses is very important for the new product because it will help us to know about our customers and competitors and we also conduct a research for the new product . first we will conduct primary research for our new product development and then try to know about our competitors. 3.1-Primary Research Primary research is one of the best tool for the success of the product. because in primary research we collect the data directly from the people and for this purpose we go for both qualitative and quantitative research. 3.2-Qualitative Data Following things can be included for qualitative research Interviews Observation Analysis 3.2.1-Interviews: Interviews are one on one or small group question and answer sessions. Interviews will provide a lot of information from a small number of people and are useful when you want to get an expert or knowledgeable opinion on a subject. we did interviews of different stakeholders, they are happy to this new product because we are launching in more than ten flavours. People are supporting this new product due to different flavours, they want change. 3.2.2-Observations: Observations involve taking organized notes about occurrences in the world. Observations provide you insight about specific people, events and are useful when you want to learn more about an event without the based viewpoint of an interview. According to our observation most people use flavoured milk, mostly child take a tin in their hand while going to school for breakfast. 3.2.3-Analysis: Analysis involves after collecting data and organizing it in some specific criteria you develop. They are useful when you want to find some trend or pattern. A type of analysis would be to record commercials on three major television networks and analyze gender roles 3.3-Quantitative Data Quantitative data has a very important for the primary research and it includes surveys and questionnaire. 3.3.1-Surveys: Surveys are a form of questioning that is more rigid than interviews and that involve larger groups of people. Surveys will provide a limited amount of information from a large group of people and are useful when you want to learn what a larger population thinks. In order to learn weather people would like to buy or use our product, we have decided to conduct a market survey. First of all we have designed a survey form that shows people ideas. Our organisation conduct a survey by questionnaire 3.3.2-Questionnaire Please tick on the appropriate and write a few short sentences where descriptive answer is required. 1-Do you like flavored milk? Yes No 2-Which milk do you use? Yazoo Frijj 3-What do you consider before buying a product Price Brand name -Labeling 4-In which age you lie? Middle age young age old age 5-How much is your monthly income 600 800 1000 6-Are you conscious about quality? Yes NO 7-Which flavoured do u like most? Strawberry banana chocolate 8-Which brand do u prefer most? Yazoo FRIJJ 9-Do you think that its flavour is nice? Yes No 10-Is it available in your local market easily ? Yes No 11-What do you think when buy? Low price Quality Thanking you for sharing such valuable ideas, your time and cooperation 3.4-Existing Competitors 3.4.1-Competitors Analysis Competitor analysis in marketing and strategic management is an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of current and potential competitors. This analysis provides both an offensive and defensive strategic context through which to identify opportunities and threats. Following are the main competitors 1- Yazoo 2- Frijj 3.4.2-Yazoos History Yazoo is a bottled flavoured milk or milkshake produced by Campina and is sold in the United Kingdom and Ireland. It comes in three flavours Banana, Chocolate, Strawberry. Campina Yazoo is the market leading bottled milkshake in the UK with over 80 million bottles sold each year. Introduced in 1989 as a flavoured milk drink for young children, the brand has grown consistently and now is drunk by kids (and grow ups) of all ages. Strength 1- Strong brand name 2-They have strong supply chain 3-Their financial position is very strong due to high volume of sales 4-They have many loyal customers 5-pricing Weakness Due to high volume of production sometime by mistake faulty products are sent into market 1-less flavour 3.4.3-Frijj History Frijj is a brand of milkshake sold mainly in the United Kingdom. Produced by Dairy Crest, it was first launched in 1993. Frijj is sold in four permanent flavours: strawberry, chocolate, banana and Chocolate Fudge Brownie. There have also been numerous limited edition flavours, some of which have featured characters. Strengths 1-Frijj has strong dealer network 2-Strategic alliances 3-Research and development investment Weaknesses 1-Less market share 4- 4ps For Flavoured Milk 4.1-Product Now Haleeb Foods Ltd is launching a new product in the United Kingdom market named as Flavoured Milk which will be available in different flavours in the market like as strawberry, banana, mango, chocolate, oat, apricot, mixed flavour and etc. 4.2-Price Pricing is one of the most important elements of the marketing mix, as it is the only mix, which generates a turnover for the organisation. Pricing is difficult and must reflect supply and demand relationship. Pricing a product too high or too low could mean a loss of sales for the organisation. We are offering competitive introductory price which is mentioned below Flavored milk introductory Price Sizes Prices ( £) Flavoured milk 3L 1.49 Flavoured milk 1L 60 p Flavoured milk 500ML 35 p Flavoured milk 250 ML (6 bottle pack) 1.00 4.3-Place It will be available in all supermarket and shopping plaza and all local area shops. We have decided to place the product in all the major and minor markets as well as in the canteens of colleges and universities. We have decided to acquire the services of large and organized distribution in different areas of UK. 4.4-Promotion We have planned a very wide range of promotion strategy that covers almost every part of the society. We have supported our promotional strategy with the use of electronic media, print media, internet and other sources and also with the help of some schemes such as lucky draws. Our promotion strategy in detail is as Television channels Newspapers Magazines Pamphlets Banners Sign boards Prize scheme Internet 4.5-Conclusion Of Marketing Environment By the intensive study of the entire market in its whole perspective it came to know that the overall environment is not much in favour of new firms. Because of semi-democratic ruling and the presence of well established competitors holding major part of the market, but we have a great edge we are introducing more flavoured as compared to our competitor. it seems supportive for a new product to make its place in the market. 4.6-Purpose The purpose of launching the Flavoured milk is to give a new taste to the people who are drinking almost every milk available in the market. We want to provide different flavours to the people so that they become refresh and healthy. 4.7-Features Following are some of the features of our product: 1-flavoured milk is good for health 2-Provides calcium 3-Provides vitamins 4-Beneficial for bones 5-Excellent in taste 6-Gives freshness 4.8-Targeting We will target the following customers: 1-Young generation 2-Boys and girls and people of every age 3-Belongs to upper and lower class 4-Student of colleges and universities 5-Wants a new and refreshing taste 4.9-Positioning We have to position our product in the minds of the customers and consequently in the market with the help of our effective and customer oriented market strategies. 4.10-Competitors strategy Our competitors have a good market share because they are adapting following strategies: 1-Less prices 2-Effective promotion 3-Intensive distribution 4-Quality products 5-Customers research 6-Attractive packaging Task 2 5-Cost Benefits analysis of Haleeb Flavoured Milk for four years 5.1-Material, Equipments and Labour cost. Yearly Cash Flow 1st Year 2011 2nd Year 2012 3rd Year 2013 4th Year 2014 Cash Outflow IT Expanses Computers and Servers 10,000 500 0 0 Website Development 0 0 0 0 Maintenance 1,200 1,200 1,200 1,200 Hosting 300 300 300 300 Licensing 900 900 900 900 Communication System for vehicles 1000 200 0 0 Total 13400 3100 2400 2400 Research Development Online Development 75,000 30,000 30,000 30,000 Risk Analysis 40,000 50,000 55,000 60,000 Total 1,25,000 80,000 80,000 80,000 Marketing Usual Marketing 60,000 55,000 55,000 50,000 E Marketing 45,000 45,000 55,000 45,000 `Total 1,05,000 1,00,000 1,10,000 90,000 Administration cost Machinery in warehouse 15,000 5,000 0 0 Rent 8,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Internet 250 250 250 250 Phone 120 120 120 120 Salaries 80,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 Insurance 20,000 20,000 20,000 20,000 Vehicle and Maintenance 8,000 12,000 0 0 Inventory 60,000 69,000 75,000 80,000 Total 1,92,370 1,27,570 128,770 126,170 Total Cash Outflow( £) 4,35,770 3,10,670 3,21,170 2,98,570 Cash Inflow Sales Revenue 2,00,000 2,50,000 3,25,000 4,00,000 Other Revenue 50,000 70,000 1,01,000 1,25,000 Total Cash Inflow( £) 2,50,000 3,20,000 4,26,000 5,00,000 Net Cash Flow( £) (1,85,770) 9,330 1,04,830 2,01,430 Note: All figures are based on prediction. 5.2-Staff Training And Development Skills Audit and Development Planning Sample Sheets Operation/Process Description Skills Set Required Staff Fully Competent Some Skills Evident need Development Skills require Development IT Training skills Computer skilled staff NO YES Using Software (SAP) Collection from port to warehouse Staff training for keep it specific temperature carefully NO YES Tagging and keeping On time delivery Training For Drivers to deliver it on time No YES Familiar with exact place Packaging training Train the staff for Packaging(How to hold them) NO YES Basic Training for Checking material of Packaging 5.3-Option Construction Stage and Option Appraisal Stage Skills to be Developed Training/Development Options Option Appraisal Decision Latest softwares Proper knowledge of using Software and training Appraisal system Must be good learner Different for each costumers Proper Training related to job Appraisal system Proper training session required Task 3 6-Executive Summary This project is about new product development by Haleeb Foods Ltd. Haleeb Foods has the distinction of being the first company in Pakistan to use Tetra Paks novel packaging formats, Haleeb Foods has also introduced a number of unique products previously unknown to the Pakistani market, like Haleeb Labban, delicious traditional lassi (buttermilk) prepared with pure thick milk and yogurt, Candia Tea Max, Candia milk, packed in distinctive food grade plastic bottle, and Haleeb Good Day, 100% pure and natural fruit juice, free of added sugar, artificial flavours and preservatives. Now Haleeb Foods Ltd has developed a new product that is milk in different flavours and going to introduce in united kingdom market.For this purpose first we have conducted the SWOT analysis of company to see the companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Then we have explained the purposes, benefits and objectives of our products. Secondly we have made a marketing mix strategy for our product. We have divided market into different segments and decided to target young students of school, colleges and universities and people of every age. We have also paid special attention to the packaging, colour and price of the product. We have decided to place the product in all the markets of UK especially in the canteens of school, colleges and universities and every supermarket. We will promote our product through electronic media, leaflets, internet and other sources. We have also conducted a market survey to know the opinion of public about our product and developed our product accordingly. 7-Project Management project management skills are obviously important for project managers. Project management methods to be very useful in its planning and implementation. Even the smallest task can benefit from the use of a well chosen project management technique or tool, especially in the planning stage. projects can be various shapes and sizes, from the small and straight forward to extremely large and highly complex. In organizations and businesses, project management can be concerned with any area or function, for example: people staffing and management products and services materials manufacturing and production IT and communications Storage and distribution Finance administration purchasing Sales selling marketing human resources development and training customer service and relations quality health and safety legal and professional technical scientific research and development new business development anything else which needs planning and managing within organizations. Project management techniques are not just for project managers . they are available for anyone to use. 7-project management and implementation process 1.Agree precise specification for the project 2.Plan the project 3.Communicate the project plan to your project team 4.Agree and delegate project actions. 5.Manage and motivate the project team. 6. monitor review project progress 7.1-Agree precise specification for the project The project specification should be an accurate description of what the project aims to achieve, and the criteria and flexibilities involved its parameters, scope range, outputs, sources, budgets and timescales. Project terms also provide an essential discipline and framework to keep the project on track, and concerned with the original agreed aims which are given below. 1-Describe your purpose and aims . 2-State parameters for project (budgets, range, scope, time scale). 3-involve the people in meetings and decision making process. 4-Establish break points at which to review and check progress, and how progress and results will be measured. 7.2-Plan The Project Plan the various stages and activities of the project. Where necessary involve your team in the planning. It is useful to identifying all the things that need to be put in place and done, in reverse order. From the beginnings of the project use brainstorming ideas to help gather points and issues and to explore innovations and ideas 7.3-Project Times Scales and costs Most projects come in late thats why we planned a time scale and cost. If you have been given a fixed deadline, plan to meet it earlier, and work back from that earlier date. Projects which slip back and are delivered late, or which run over budget or fail to meet other financial requirements often cause significant problems. Exercising a little realism at the outset of a project regarding financials and timescales can save an enormous amount of trouble later. We are going to launch this project by the end of December 2011. 7.4-The project team important part of the planning stage is picking your team. Take great care especially if you have team members imposed on you by the project brief. Selecting and gaining commitment from the best team members whether directly employed, contractors and suppliers, consultants or other partners is crucial to the quality of the project. Project management on a tight budget can be a lonely business get some help from good people you can trust whatever the budget. 7.5-Project Management Tools There are different management tools for this project but Haleeb milk is going to use the brain storming tool. 7.5.1-Brainstorming For this project Haleeb food is going to use the brainstorming tool. Brainstorming is a popular tool that helps you generate creative solutions to a problem which can develop new ways of looking at things. It also helps you overcome many of the issues that can make group problem solving a sterile and unsatisfactory process. Used with your team. 7.5.2-Gantt Charts ACTIVITIES WEEK 1 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 WEEK 4 WEEK 5 WEEK 6 Executive summary Xxxxx Name of Focus Organisation xxxxx Description of Focus Organisation x xxxxx Organisational Factor xxxxx xxxxx environmental factor xxxxx xxxxx PEST Analysis xxxxx Change xxxxx xxxxx SWOT Analysis xxxxx cost benefit analysis XXXX potential cost associated with that change XXXX Team Briefing Process Training Staff XXXX How and when change will be Implemented XXXXX XXXXX conclusion xxxxx 7.5.3-Project Financial Planning And Reporting For projects you will probably need a spreadsheet to plan and report planned and actual expenditure of project .Large projects are likely to require some sort of require dedicated accounting software to manage the financial planning and software. It is a key function of project management. Create a cost line for main expenditure activity. Create a system for allocating incoming invoices to the correct activities. 7.5.4-Project Contingency Planning Since projects involve uncertainty and risk it is likely that you will need to develop contingency plans for key areas of risk. Basically this involves identifying risk scenarios which, have a significant impact on the ability of the institution to carry out its business and considering what options are available to you. Contingency plans are your alternative plans. They are there so that when a crisis occurs you can transfer almost instantaneously to an alternative plan. 7.6-Communicate The Project Plan To Your Team Communication is beneficial for project. it tells people what is happening and you get essential support, agreement and commitment. in project you should involve the team in the planning process to get good result. Involvement and communication are vital for cooperation and support. 7.7-Agree And Delegate Project Actions We have to identified each activity including all relevant parameters, timescales, costs, and deliverables. Use the SMART acronym to help you delegate tasks properly. Use of proper delegation methods is vital for successful project management involving teams. So publish the full plan to all in the team and consider carefully how to delegate medium to long term tasks. 7.8-Manage,Motivate The Project Team Manage the team and activities in meetings, communicating, supporting, and helping with decisions. Arrange face to face and group meetings, when you can bring team members together, are generally the best way to avoid issues and relationships becoming personalised and emotional. 7.9-Monitor Review Project Progress Check the progress of activities against the plan. Review performance regularly and adjust the plan if necessary in light of performance, changing circumstances, and new information, but remain on track and within the original terms of reference. Plan team review meetings. Stick to the monitoring systems you established. 7.10-Planning To Import Importing goods and materials can be complex. First of all drawing up contracts with your overseas suppliers .when and how you will make payments for the materials, bearing in mind that the exchange rate might change after you have placed your order, transport arrangements, storage, documentation and insurance. 7.11-Managing transport We are going to import directly. Importing directly means that you have personal contact with the overseas suppliers. It is potentially more profitable but means that you are vulnerable to language problems, exchange rate fluctuations and the possibility of additional costs. 7.12-Legal Responsibilities As An Importer Check that the items you are planning to import are allowed in or whether they need an import licence. Consider whether you are liable, under the principles of product liability for any harm caused by the imported items. Pay any duty and VAT that apply under UK law. 8-Implementation plan 8.1-Vision and mission Vision is to improve the performance of the core units chain. Whilst doing so we will continue to explore and develop growth opportunities in other markets. Our mission is to be the consumers first choice for products of outstanding quality and great service at a competitive cost through working faster, simpler and together. 8.2-Objectives To innovate and provide leadership in delivering quality products at fair prices,  Ã‚ ¶Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  To increase market share  Ã‚ ¶Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  To increase profit  Ã‚ ¶Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  To increase the length of product line  Ã‚ ¶Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  To serve customers better  Ã‚ ¶Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  To face strong competition 8.3-Environmental Analysis Organizational environment consist of all factors that in one way or another way affect or affected by the organization decision. Haleeb foods Organizational environment refers to the forces that can make an impact .Forces made up opportunities and threats. Organizations dose not exist in isolation. It works with the overall environment. these can be divided into two main parts as, Internal Environment and External Environment 8.4-Internal Environment Organizations internal environment refers to the elements within the organization. Internally an organization can be viewed as a resource conversion machine that takes inputs (labour, money, materials and equipment) from the external environment (the outside world), converts them into useful products, goods and services, and makes them available to customers as outputs. Employees or the working people are the main resources of an organization. In other hand these employees can make a big difference for an organization. If an organization has unskilled labours they may find a difficulty of getting things done. Organization benefited with skilled labour. It requires motivation and skills development to take the maximum performance of the labour. A manager is someone skilled in knowing how to analyze and improve the ability of an organization to survive and grow in a complex and changing world. This means that managers have a set of tools that enable them to grasp the complexity of the organizations environment. 8.5-External Environment It consists of all the outside institutions and forces that have an actual or potential interest or impact on the organizations ability to achieve its objectives for this we will do different analysis 1-Pest Analysis 2-Swot Analysis 3-Porters 5 Forces 8.5.1-PEST Analysis Political Factors Economic conditions are influenced by political and government policy, as you know the new government is making new policies in every field, it might be affect the business. At any one time either exported or imported goods can seem expensive or inexpensive, dependent upon currency exchange rates. There are many other ways, however, in which government decisions will affect organizations both directly and indirectly, as they provide both opportunities and threats for new business. Economic factors Economic condition are related to political and government policies .Due to instability in country ,inflation, unemployment ,no one company dont want to invest his money in the country .economy rate is going down and down every day. As a new milk company Haleeb foods will help the country to decrease unemployment by giving jobs to unemployed. Social factors the socio cultural environment summarizes the demand and taste . Many U.K citizens are practicing healthier lifestyles. This has affected the alcoholic beverage industry in that many are switching to diet colas and FLAVOURED MILK instead of beer and other alcoholic beverages. Also, time management has increased and is at approximately 43% of all households. The need for healthy products are in important in the average day-to-day life. Consumers from the ages of 37 to 55 are also increasingly concerned with nutrition. There is a large population of the age range known as the baby boomers. Since many are reaching an older age in life they are becoming more concerned with increasing their longevity. Technological factors The effectiveness of companys advertising, marketing and promotional programs. The new technology of internet and television which use special effects for advertising through media. They make some products look attractive. This helps in selling of the products. This advertising makes the product attractive. This technology is being used in media to sell their products. 8.5.2-SWOT Analysis Strengths: 1. Strong management system: 2. Effective internal communication system 3. Efficient use of resources 4. Employees empowerment 5. Diverse work force 6. Innovations 7-Taste,nutritious,hygienic,packaging Weaknesses: 1. Less market share 2. Limited knowledge of customers 3.

Japanese Internment :: essays research papers

After the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the United States was filled with panic. Along the Pacific coast of the U.S., where residents feared more Japanese attacks on their cities, homes, and businesses, this feeling was especially great. During the time preceding World War II, there were approximately 112,000 persons of Japanese descent living in California, Arizona, and coastal Oregon and Washington. These immigrants traveled to American hoping to be free, acquire jobs, and for some a chance to start a new life. Some immigrants worked in mines, others helped to develop the United States Railroad, many were fishermen, farmers, and some agricultural laborers. Inevitably, after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, that began World War II, Japanese-Americans were frowned upon and stereotyped because of their descent. However, Japanese immigrants contributed to economic expansion of the United States. Whites resented the Japanese immigrants, but reaped economic profit from the Japanese-American residents’ discipline and hard work. Japanese-Americans of this time seem to be attacked; however, they choose to uphold their disconnection with the rest of the Americans. Many Japanese felt they had superiority over Americans, creating tension and disconnection.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nevertheless, Japanese were resented and disliked by whites. Due to pressure from state leaders near the west coast, President Roosevelt, on February 19, 1942, signed Executive Order 9066. This resulted in the which resulted in the violent imprisonment of 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry. When the government gave its internment order, whites rounded up, imprisoned, and exiled their Japanese neighbors. In 1942, 110,000 Japanese Americans living on the West Coast of the United States were relocated to ten internment camps. More than two thirds of those sent to internment camps, under the Executive Order, had never shown disloyalty and were also citizens of the United States. In April 1942, the War Relocation Authority was created to control the assembly centers, relocation centers, and internment camps, and oversee the relocation of Japanese-Americans. It took another forty years for the US government to recognize the violations of this population's constitutiona l rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The internment camps were permanent detention camps that held internees from March, 1942 until their closing in 1945 and 1946. Although the camps held captive people of many different origins, the majority of the prisoners were Japanese-Americans. There were ten different relocation centers located across the United States during the war. These Japanese Americans, half of whom were children, were incarcerated for up to 4 years, without due process of law or any factual basis, in bleak, remote camps surrounded by barbed wire and armed guards.

Film Techniques Used to Emphasize Themes in V for Vendetta

Film techniques used to emphasize themes in V for Vendetta In the film V for Vendetta, the director, James McTeigue uses symbolism, costume and dialogue to emphasise the idea of everybody having a right to individuality, and the right – and duty – to resist forced conformism. James McTeigue uses symbolism in the film V for Vendetta to juxtapose the idea of individuality and the resistance of forced conformity. The first important symbol used in the film is V’s mask.This symbol is shown in all of the scenes V appears in and again in the very last scene. In this scene thousands of citizens gather wearing the masks and remove them. Masks often symbolize a character hiding their identity. This final scene when the citizens remove their masks is important for emphasising the theme. The citizens show that they are no longer willing to allow themselves to be forced into conforming, that instead they will resist.The other important symbol used by the director is mirrors; at the beginning of the film we are introduced to the characters of Evey and V as they put on their masks for the evening in their mirrors. V is also seen reflected in Delia’s eyes during the fire at Lark Hill. Mirrors often symbolise an unknown identity or not seeing yourself for who you really are. McTeigue uses both of these symbols to juxtapose the right to individuality and the right- and duty – to resist forced conformism.He shows the characters in the film doing the opposite of this to emphasise why the viewers need to fight to preserve their own individuality. When speaking in an interview with Ryan Lambie on March 2nd 2012, McTeigue was asked how he feels about people using the masks for political protests and other such activities, McTeigue replied â€Å"I think the mask is a good way for people to feel free to do things they might not normally do† this statement shows McTeigue’s desire for the public to fight for their individuality and resist conforming to the wishes of the government.The second visual feature used by the director in this film is costume. McTeigue shows a change in costume in the character Evey from the beginning to the end of the film, in order to emphasise Evey’s resistance to forced conformism and her journey to find her own individuality. At the beginning of the film, Evey dresses to blend in with the crowds; she wears light colours, nothing that stands out. However towards the end of the film, V helps Evey to lose her fear and discover who she is.He shaves her head. After this point in the film Evey begins to wear darker coloured clothing such as blacks and greys, and wears her bald head with pride. She does not cover it with wigs or hats. This is similar to the costume changes shown in the film the Matrix, which James McTeigue helped direct. While in the Matrix the characters wear darker clothes, these colours show a change in attitude and the characters’ desires to resist being cont rolled and forced into conformity by the Machines.This change in costume is similar to that of V for Vendetta, which shows Evey’s new-found confidence in her identity, and her willingness to resist conforming to the totalitarian society she lives in. In doing this, the director urges viewers to try to find their own individuality and resist the conformism in their own lives. He uses this film to warn viewers of the dangers of not resisting forced conformism, through the lack of change in costume in the other characters.In 2011 an article was posted on Enotes which reads â€Å"V's legacy for change is embodied in Evey, which is reflective of how individuals have to make a conscious choice to embody dissent and resistance†¦ The end desire for anarchy is nothing more than a realization of individuality and individual choice†¦ individuality and personal notions of identity are the opposing forces to totalitarianism†¦ the need for individuality is seen as the antid ote to a realm where political control is contingent on silence and a lack of individuality. Plainly put the author means that V for Vendetta shows that in order to avoid totalitarianism the public must protect their individuality and resist forced conformity. One of the most important verbal techniques used by James McTeigue is dialogue. The director shows the characters’ lack of individuality and resistance to conformity through verbal speech. During the second act of the film V for Vendetta, Gordon states â€Å"When you wear a mask for so long, you begin to forget who you were beneath it†.This statement not only emphasises the symbolism in the film but also shows Gordon’s lack of resistance to forced conformity. McTeigue chooses this line of dialogue to state the need to prevent putting on the mask to begin with. He wants viewers to believe that their individuality is important and they shouldn’t allow society to remove it from them. When asked by Evey to remove his mask near the end of the film V states â€Å"Evey, please . . . there is a face beneath this mask, but it's not me.I'm no more that face than I am the muscles beneath it, or the bones beneath them. † By which he means that his identity is not based on the person beneath his mask, he is who he chooses to be. McTeigue uses this line of dialogue to show viewers that their identity is not decided by how they look, that they can choose their own identity by fighting for their individuality. James McTeigue uses symbolism, costume, and dialogue to emphasise the right to individuality and the right – and duty – to resist forced conformity in the film V for Vendetta.

Bubonic Plague Essays - Plague, Bubonic Plague, Yersinia Pestis

Bubonic Plague Essays - Plague, Bubonic Plague, Yersinia Pestis Bubonic Plague The Bubonic Plague has killed more people than any other plague. During the 1300s, the Black Death, as they called it, killed nearly half the population of Europe. They called it the Black Death because of the dark color the peoples faces would turn after they died. It is caused by rod-shaped bacteria, Yersinia Pestis. The Bubonic Plague is an acute and severe infection. It is carried by the fleas on infected rodents(rat, squirrel). If the rodent or flea bites a person then it can be passed from person to person from mucus droplets spread by coughing. When infected, the person becomes ill in a few hours to a few days. The bacteria spread throughout the body. The symptoms include swollen lymph nodes(buboes), damaged capillaries signified by bleeding under the skin and black splotches, high fever, aching limbs, vomiting blood, shivering and extreme pain, and swelling continues in lymph nodes on groins, armpits, and neck until they burst shortly before death. Other forms of the plague are pneumonic, which causes severe pneumonia and septicemia. All forms of the plague are extremely dangerous and contagious. (2) The plague has been known for at least three-thousand years. Epidemics have been recorded in China since 224bc. The disease occurred in huge pandemics that destroyed the entire populations of cities throughout the Middle Ages; they have occurred sporadically since that time. The last great pandemic began in China in 1894 and spread to Africa, the Pacific islands, Australia, and the Americas, reaching San Francisco in 1900. Plague still occurs in Asia, Africa, South America, and Australia, but rarely appears in the U.S. Two small, well-contained outbreaks occurred in India in 1994. In 1950 the World Health Organization initiated sanitation programs for plague control throughout the world. (1) Many preventive measures, such as sanitation, killing of rats, and prevention of the transport of rats in ships arriving from ports in which the disease is endemic, are effective in reducing the incidence of plague. Famine, which reduces resistance to the disease, results in spread of plague. Individuals who have contracted the disease are isolated, put to bed, and fed fluids and easily digestible foods. Sedatives are used to reduce pain and to quiet delirium. During World War II, scientists using sulfa drugs were able to produce cures of plague; subsequently, streptomycin and tetracycline were found to be more effective in controlling the disease. (3)

Electroplating Definition and Uses

Electroplating Definition and Uses Electroplating is a process where a coating of metal is added to a conductor using electricity via a reduction reaction. Electroplating is also known simply as plating or as electrodeposition.When a current is applied to the conductor to be coated, metal ions in solution are reduced onto the electrode to form a thin layer. Brief History of Electroplating Italian chemist Luigi Valentino Brugnatelli is credited as the inventor of modern electrochemistry in 1805. Brugnatelli used the voltaic pile invented by Alessandro Volta to perform the first electrodeposition. However, Brugnatellis work was suppressed. Russian and British scientists independently invented deposition methods that came into use by 1839 to copper plate printing press plates. In 1840, George and Henry Elkington were awarded patents for electroplating. Englishman John Wright discovered potassium cyanide could be used as an electrolyte to electroplate gold and silver. By the 1850s, commercial processes for electroplating brass, nickel, zinc, and tin were developed. The first modern electroplating plant to start production was the Norddeutsche Affinerie in Hamburg in 1867. Uses of Electroplating Electroplating is used to coat a metal object with a layer of a different metal. The plated metal offers some benefit that the original metal lacks, such as corrosion resistance or desired color. Electroplating is used in jewelry making to coat base metals with precious metals to make them more attractive and valuable and sometimes more durable. Chromium plating is done on vehicle wheel rims, gas burners, and bath fixtures to confer corrosion resistance, enhancing the life expectancy of the parts.

Planning, assessment and evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Planning, assessment and evaluation - Essay Example The course unit may be done on the lines of a teacher-structured unit or on teacher/student collaborative planning. The model units that prepared here are teacher-structured units. Lesson planning follows from the unit planning process. During unit planning, activities are selected, analyzed, and modified. An initial sequence of lessons is outlined. In essence, lesson planning involves an enhancement of the unit plan to make the day-to-day activities of the class flow more smoothly and produce maximum success. It is necessary to read the Unit overview and the Concept of development sections. Develop an idea about the nature and scope of the unit, and how it fits into the Level. It should be determined that how the unit focus relates to other subjects and how joint learning opportunities may be used to enhance students' experiences. Before moving further create an outline or a web that summarizes the unit. It should show the major concepts to be considered during the unit as well as associated sub concepts and links to other areas of study. In light of what you understand about the unit and the nature of the students in the class, choose learning objectives that you feel are appropriate. Following steps should be considered for teacher-student planning. A lesson plan is a comprehensive and pre... Identifying and sequencing activities. Lesson Plan A lesson plan is a comprehensive and predetermined schedule of every activity of teacher in classroom for achieving optimal results. A lesson plan can be of many forms and types. It usually depends on time span, style of educator and type of subject to be taught. But the basic and main objective of any type of lesson plan is to provide teacher a pre-planned line of action for presenting materials and interacting with learners. The lesson plan should not be merely an action plan but it should provide a useful link between objectives of curriculum and material to be taught. It is important to keep in mind the learning objectives before planning a lesson. Unit & Lesson Plan for English Topic Verb Usage: Tense and Conjugation Objectives: By the end of this lesson the student will be able to: 1. Identify different tenses of verbs - present, past, future, present perfect, past perfect and future perfect. 2. Use the correct verb tense in a given sentence. 3. Conjugate regular verbs into first, second, or third person tenses. Outline: In many achievement tests, there is an entire section of the test devoted to verb tense. Use the following little "trick" to determine which verb tense is the correct one to use in each tense. For present tense, use this sentence, putting your verb in the blank: I ____________ today. For past tense, use this sentence, putting the same verb in the blank: I _____________ yesterday. For future tense, add will plus your verb: I will ____________ tomorrow. For present perfect, add have plus the past participle: I have _____________ many times before. For past perfect, add had plus the past participle: I

Peer review Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Peer review - Coursework Example why the University of Marion introduced the LessThanUThink campaign in order to sensitize students on the importance to focus on their studies rather than engage in irresponsible activities such as excessive alcohol consumption. The author should include the effects of alcohol on student performance and graduation rate. It is significant to note that as discussed in the proposal, the author gathered evidence from University students that they usually consume very large volumes of alcohol mostly during the weekends to get wasted. According to them, they do this for fun and an individual can end up guzzling up to over ten drinks in a night. However, this heavy drinking results in personal tragedy for college students and their families. Yes, the draft proposal persuades in the way the author has answered the problem of the proposal. The author has stated the reasons why the campaign was launched. The campaign in the University was successful since after the campaign was launched, it has assisted educate students when others engage in irresponsible drinking. There is no need for change or reorganization of the paper but the author should state the research design of the study and the methods they used to gather information about binge drinking in the University of Marion. The author was very keen and specific thus they avoided any form of repetitiveness. The most interesting part is the statistics about the past drinking behavior of students at the University of Marion. The statistics were shocking and needed immediate intervention to avoid further damage to the students and the reputation of the University. For example, I learned that about 25 percent of college students report academic consequences of their drinking including missing class, falling behind, doing poorly on exams or papers, and receiving lower grades